Progress, Partnership, and Possibility – Highlights from RAREsummit25

Progress, Partnership, and Possibility – Highlights from RAREsummit25

Cambridge Rare Disease Network marks 10 years of collaboration at RAREsummit25.

The Cambridge Rare Disease Network (CamRARE) celebrated its 10th anniversary in inspiring style, as 250 delegates gathered on 6 November at the Wellcome Genome Campus for RAREsummit25, marking a decade of progress, partnership, and purpose in the rare disease community.

The event brought together people from across the rare disease ecosystem — patients, families, researchers, clinicians, industry leaders, policy-makers, and advocates — to explore the future of research, care, and innovation. Across keynotes, breakout sessions, and panel discussions, one message echoed throughout the day: real progress happens when partnerships endure.

Photo of Jo Balfour presenting the introduction to Rare Summit 25, with a slide showing 10 moments in the last 10 years of CamRARE.

Reflecting on the milestone, Emma Green, CamRARE’s Chair of Trustees, emphasised the importance of these shared spaces:

“It’s really important to bring the rare community together in places such as the Rare Summit to give everyone an opportunity to voice their challenges, their concerns, their needs in this space. It’s all about the connections — families looking for treatments or diagnoses for their children who can meet researchers working on such things. But they also get to meet other families, other individuals who are going through the same journey.”

It’s all about the connections — families looking for treatments or diagnoses for their children who can meet researchers working on such things. But they also get to meet other families, other individuals who are going through the same journey.

Emma Green

CamRARE

That sense of connection — of finding community within the complexity of rare disease — ran through every conversation. For Stacey McGeown, a parent and researcher from Queen’s University Belfast, the summit offered both knowledge and hope:

“The reason I’m here today is because I am a mom of a child that has an extremely rare bleeding disorder. Whenever you have a child that has a rare disease, you feel a lot of isolation and loneliness. So, we’re here to learn and connect. It’s been inspiring to see that so many of the speakers started as passionate parents — it gives us hope that we can progress as well.”

A Decade of Impact

The summit’s opening session, Ten Rare Moments and Legacy in Action, celebrated CamRARE’s achievements over the past decade — from shaping policy and co-designing research to building communities that empower people with lived experience. The charity’s initiatives, including the Rare Disease Research Network (RDRN) and the Rare Patient Passport, have helped transform how research and healthcare systems listen to and involve patients.

Mental Health and Wellbeing

A major theme woven through the day was mental health — a critical yet often overlooked part of the rare disease experience. Lauren Roberts from the charity RareMinds captured this perfectly:

“Discussing mental health here at the RAREsummit is a really vital part of everything that’s been discussed today. Whether the session is about mental health specifically or about self-advocacy and diagnosis struggles, we know this always has a mental health impact. I loved the wellbeing panel — they showed that the support people need isn’t rocket science. Often quite small things could make a really big difference.”

I loved the wellbeing panel — they showed that the support people need isn’t rocket science. Often, quite small things could make a really big difference.

Lauren Roberts

Rareminds

Human Rights, Advocacy and Innovation

Breakout workshops allowed participants to dive deep into topics such as human rights, youth engagement, and innovation. Max Fisher, a rare patient and scientist at Vianatus, highlighted how these sessions spark change:

“The breakout sessions have been absolutely fantastic. I particularly enjoyed the human rights quiz workshop with Dr Lucy McKay. We got to see how human rights and rare disease intersect and how we’re going to move forward on this journey with those two hand in hand.”

Technology, Data and Ethics

Among the event’s standout sessions was a focus on technology and data — exploring how innovations like Digital Twins, AI, and data-driven modelling can accelerate diagnosis and personalise care. Speakers also reflected on the responsibility that comes with progress, highlighting that data must serve people, not systems.

Powering Collaboration

For many, the day wasn’t just about discussion — it was about forging practical partnerships through the ample networking opportunities provided in the exhibition and poster zones and the post event dinner. James Oakley, co-founder of Keep Me Breathing, a startup developing a CO₂ monitor for children with the rare condition CCHS, summed it up:

“The RAREsummit is so important because it can accelerate everything we’re doing. We’re now speaking with companies such as Alexion, as well as making amazing new contacts who have offered to help us in what we’re doing. And you can’t buy that.”

We’re now speaking with companies such as Alexion, as well as making amazing new contacts who have offered to help us in what we’re doing. And you can’t buy that.

James Oakley

Keep Me Breathing

Photo of the rare summit audience, with four women in the foreground smiling and clapping

Looking ahead

As CamRARE unveiled its new strategy — focused on community, research, and shared purpose — the atmosphere was one of optimism. The next decade promises breakthroughs in digital health, epigenetics, and pioneering therapies, but the charity’s leaders were clear that progress must remain patient-centred and collaborative.

Closing the summit, the message was simple yet powerful:

Progress in rare disease is no longer defined by isolated effort, but by shared purpose. The hope is that no one living with a rare condition will ever feel alone — and that every step forward, from lab to policy, will be powered by empathy, equity, and connection.

Reducing the Diagnostic Odyssey: Insights from Companies Forum

Reducing the Diagnostic Odyssey: Insights from Companies Forum

At CamRARE, we believe that real progress in rare diseases happens when we break down silos and build bridges. That’s the purpose of Companies Forum – a trusted space where leaders connect to challenge assumptions, share insights, and co-create bold solutions.

The Diagnostic Odyssey

For people living with rare conditions, the search for a diagnosis is often described as an “odyssey” — a long, exhausting journey through healthcare, marked by misdiagnoses, delays, and uncertainty.

At our Companies Forum meeting on Reducing the Diagnostic Odyssey in Rare Disease (14 July 2025 at Friends House in London), experts from research, healthcare, industry, and patient organisations came together to explore how we can shorten this journey and create a more equitable system.…

Why diagnosis matters

A timely diagnosis is critical: it connects patients and families to treatments, support networks, and clinical research. Global milestones — from the UN Resolution on Rare Disease (2021) to the WHO Resolution (2025) — underline that diagnosis is not just a medical matter but one of equity and justice. Yet, systemic barriers still stand in the way.

Screening for rare diseases

Anna Need (Genomics England) presented the Generation Study,  a national research study sequencing genomes of 100,000 newborns to assess the feasibility and impact of whole genome sequencing (WGS) into NHS newborn screening. So far, more than 14,800 babies have been enrolled, with dozens of suspected cases identified.

Key principles of the study include informed consent, workforce training, equitable access, and ensuring results are acted upon with proper care pathways, with sensitivity at all stages.

A powerpoint slide entitled Sickle Cell presented to a round table meeting

Meanwhile, Iyamide Thomas (Sickle Cell Society) reflected on lessons from the UK’s national sickle cell screening programme, introduced in 2004. The UK was the first country to link their antenatal and newborn screening programmes. It has saved lives by enabling early treatment, but challenges remain.

“You screen to care. Screening only works if results are communicated clearly, promptly, and with support.” – Iyamide Thomas

Beyond the genome

Even when whole genome sequencing is available, only about a third of rare disease patients currently receive a diagnosis. Gemma Chandratillake (NHS East Genomics) explained how other ‘omics’ — including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics — alongside AI, can help to provide the missing pieces.

From facial recognition tools that support diagnosis to algorithms that predict protein structures, technology is moving quickly. Some approaches are already in use within the NHS, while others are still research-based. The challenge is choosing the right test at the right time.

It’s not just about sequencing more. It’s about bringing together the right tools, at the right stage, for the right patient

Gemma Chandratillake

NHS East Genomics

Harnessing data and AI

Health data holds untapped potential to flag undiagnosed rare disease cases. Elizabeth Varones (Mendelian) shared how their MendelScan platform analyses electronic health records using 50+ disease-specific algorithms. This helps identify at-risk patients earlier and supports equitable access to testing and trials.

Saran Muthiah standing in front of his slide presentation

Similarly, Saran Muthiah (Enrich My Care) described how their platform, initially designed for care coordination, is evolving into a diagnostic red-flagging tool. By enabling families to upload structured and unstructured health data — from clinic notes to video clips — the app can triage cases faster, reducing waiting times for conditions like epilepsy.

Both speakers stressed the need for NHS adoption and interoperability to realise the full impact of these innovations.

Embedding diagnosis in policy

Policy levers are vital to embed rare disease diagnosis into the health system. Liz Hookham (LifeArc) presented recommendations from a UK task force, calling for stronger registries, adoption of ICD-11 coding, and a national rare disease clinical director to champion change.

Meanwhile, Sue Farrington (RAIRDA & SRUK) outlined progress toward the first ever NICE Quality Standard for Rare Diseases. After consultation with over 500 stakeholders, the proposed standard includes timely referral, recognition of undiagnosed patients, and integration of genomics.  The main benefit of this initiative over current best practice guidelines is that quality standards are audited which will help drive their use.

A quality standard gives families something powerful: accountability. It creates benchmarks we can measure against

Sue Farrington

RAIRDA & SRUK

The scoping exercise is complete with around 20 proposed quality standards that needs to be refined 6-8 for the final.

There was much excitement in the room to hear of this happening!

Key takeaways

Throughout the meeting, several common themes emerged:

  • Equity must be central: underserved groups face the longest diagnostic delays.

  • Genomics is not enough: combining omics, AI, and patient-led data is key.

  • Data matters: registries and interoperable systems underpin progress.

  • Patient voices drive change: advocacy groups play a critical role but need sustainable support.
Photo of Forum members networking over coffee

Looking ahead

The forum showed that ending the diagnostic odyssey is not just about technology, but about trust, collaboration, and political will. With the right tools and policies, we can shorten the journey to diagnosis and ensure no family has to navigate it alone.

The ultimate goal is simple: faster answers, fairer care, and better futures for people with rare diseases

An array of Companies Forum member logos as of July 2025

Membership

Join the conversation that’s changing the rare disease landscape.

Be heard, influence the future. Help build what comes next by joining the CamRARE Companies Forum. 

Have a look at our webpage for more information and to download the latest Membership Prospectus.

RAREsummit returns to Cambridge for 2025

RAREsummit returns to Cambridge for 2025

CamRARE’s unique biannual conference is back for 2025 – gathering scientists, researchers, tech innovators, policy-makers, funders and patient organisations to connect and collaborate.

Did you know that the CamRARE charity was formed following the first RAREsummit in 2015?  So this year we will be reflecting on…

A decade of progress. A future of possibilities.

Click below to watch the highlights film from 2023 and get as taste of what’s to come.

The programme for 2025 is already packed with brilliant and unique content. Read on to find out more.

Spotlight on RAREsummit Alumni: Beyond Blood Diagnostics

At RAREsummit23, we were proud to provide a platform for emerging tech innovators to pitch solutions to real-life challenges faced by those living with rare conditions.

The winner of our innovation pitching challenge, Beyond Blood Diagnostics, wowed the judges with their vision for home-based blood testing to reduce hospital burden and improve access to diagnostics.

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Since then, they’ve worked with Health Innovation East and CamRARE to explore the need for their solution within the rare disease community and build a strong business case.

We’re thrilled to welcome them back to RAREsummit25 as part of our “Where are they now?” Impact Stories from RAREsummit alumni session — and this time, they’ll also be exhibiting and demoing their tech! Don’t miss the chance to see how far they’ve come and what’s next.

Spotlight on Panels: Rare Disease Research Network (RDRN) Showcase

Following the launch of the Rare Disease Research Network platform by CamRARE and PLRH in late 2024, RAREsummit25 will spotlight three patient voices as they pitch research ideas shaped by their communities — and share exactly what they need to take them forward.

In this RDRN Showcase session, each speaker will present a lived experience-driven research priority, along with a clear call to action: are they looking for collaborators? Funding? Mentors? Study participants? A company with the right tech?

We’re excited to welcome David Hogan, patient advocate and founder of an international men’s mental health support group for rare disease. In his talk, “…And Voices for All” (inspired by Metallica’s …And Justice for All), David asks:

“How do we ensure all voices — especially those often left out — are represented in rare disease research?”

Since his diagnosis in 2017, David has connected men from around the world through honest conversations about mental health, identity, and living with rare conditions. Now, he’s calling for greater inclusion of men, LGBTQIA+ people, and other underrepresented communities in research and advocacy.

He’ll be joined by Sarah Dearman (Children’s Hyperinsulinism Charity) and Scott Hutchings (CHAMP1 Research Foundation), who will also pitch community-led research ideas and outline the support they need to take the next step.

Can you help make these projects a reality?
They’re looking for:
🔹 Expert collaborators
🔹 Mentors
🔹 Funding
🔹 Study participants
🔹 Industry partners

Be in the room where research ideas start — and help shape what happens next!

Workshops: Interactive, Insightful, and Led by You

This year, we’re bringing you a packed programme of interactive workshops where you can have your say, help shape the future, and choose the sessions that matter most to you. With a wide range of themes, there’s something for everyone — whether you’re a patient, researcher, clinician, or industry partner.

The RAREsummit19 Hackathon underway

Topics include:
✔️Exploring Rare Diseases Through the Lens of Human Rights – with the RDI-Lancet Commission
📊 Empowering Patient Groups with Real-World Evidence
🧬Naming Genetic Conditions: Language, Identity, and Ethics
🇬🇧 The Future of the UK Rare Disease Framework
🌐 Rare Diseases in Online Spaces: Community, Safety & Voice

Come ready to connect, collaborate, and contribute to real change.

How you can get involved

Share Your CamRARE Impact Story!

Have you got a great CamRARE event story to tell?
Did you meet someone, hear something, or spark an idea at one of our events that led to a meaningful collaboration, new project, or real-world impact?

We’re looking for stories of connection, inspiration, and change sparked by past CamRARE events — and we’d love to feature them at RAREsummit25.

Got an idea for a discussion or worshop?

Submit an Expression of Interest.

Networking Dinner

As the sun sets on an inspiring day of bold ideas and promising connections, we invite you to gather for the grand finale.

Raise a glass to 10 years of CamRARE — a decade of driving change, championing collaboration, and giving voice to the rare disease community.

Close up photo of two glasses of fruity looking drinks being clinked together

Enjoy a delicious three-course fine dining experience at Hinxton Hall, on the Wellcome Genome Campus, with a glass of wine or a soft drink on arrival and an opportunity to keep the conversations going!

Let’s toast to the past, the present, and the future we’re building together.

Thank You Sponsors!

We couldn’t do this without the support of our fabulous sponsors – a huge thank you to all!  Will YOU join us?

Close up photo of two glasses of fruity looking drinks being clinked together

Unlocking the Powerhouse of the Cell: MRC MBU Brings Mitochondria to Life at RAREfest24

Unlocking the Powerhouse of the Cell: MRC MBU Brings Mitochondria to Life at RAREfest24

Prepare to have your minds energised and curiosity sparked at this year’s RAREfest24. The Medical Research Council—Mitochondrial Biology Unit (MRC MBU) from the University of Cambridge will take you on a journey into the heart of your cells with innovative games, hands-on learning, and a fun introduction to the world of mitochondria!

But wait – what exactly are mitochondria, and why should you care about them?

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Mitochondria: The Cells Power Stations

Think of mitochondria as the power plants inside each of your cells. They’re small, but don’t let their size fool you. They’re responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency that powers just about every function your body performs. From moving your muscles to keeping your heart beating, ATP is the fuel, and mitochondria are the factories.

Mitochondria are unique compared to other parts of the cell. They have their own DNA (which is only inherited from your mum!) and can even change shape, divide, or fuse together depending on what your body needs at the time. Plus, they’re not just one-trick ponies. These fascinating organelles are involved in many vital processes, from regulating cell death to helping with calcium storage.

If you’ve ever heard of mitochondrial diseases, you’ll know that when these tiny powerhouses go wrong, it can lead to serious problems. These disorders can affect multiple organs and lead to symptoms as varied as muscle weakness, neurodegenerative conditions, and even heart disease. Mitochondrial mutations give rise to a range of rare conditions, including Pearson Syndrome, and several ultra-rare disorders, some of which remain unnamed.

So, who’s leading the charge in studying mitochondria and finding ways to address these diseases? Enter the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit!

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Meet the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit

The MRC MBU is a world-leading research institute nestled in the heart of Cambridge’s Biomedical Campus. The Unit is dedicated to uncovering the mysteries of mitochondria, understanding how they work, how they sometimes fail, and how we might develop therapies for diseases linked to their malfunction.

Advances in genomics now allow for better analysis of mitochondrial mutations, but research isn’t without its challenges. The competitive nature of research and the pressure to secure funding mean scientists are constantly pushing to demonstrate the novelty and significance of their findings, while many ultra-rare mutations are poorly understood in comparison with their more historically researched counterparts.

“We’re at the forefront of understanding the role of mitochondria in human diseases, from rare disorders to common conditions like heart disease, neurodegeneration and cancer,” explains Dr Alex Whitworth, one of the leading scientists at the Unit. “The most exciting thing about our current research is that we’re discovering new ways mitochondria are involved in health and disease every day. This could open the door to entirely new treatments.”

The MRC MBU isn’t just about groundbreaking research. It’s also committed to sharing its discoveries with the public through an active public engagement programme. And what better way to engage than with games?

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Adventure in the Cell: Games That Bring Mitochondria to Life

MRC MBU’s innovative approach to science communication has taken a playful turn with its suite of mitochondria-themed games. Designed to educate and excite, these games offer a hands-on way to understand mitochondrial biology.

“We believe that science should be accessible to everyone, no matter your age or background,” says Penny Peck, MRC MBU’s Communications Manager. “Games are an excellent way to bring people into the complex world of mitochondria in a fun and engaging way. At Rarefest24, we’ll be showcasing two of our most popular games: ‘Generating ATP Pinball’ and ‘Destroying Mutant Mitochondrial DNA.’” The games were thought up by members of the MBU, then designed and built by SciAnsell, headed by Dave Ansell, known for bringing science to life through interactive designs.

Let’s dive into these games and see how they bring science to life.

 “We believe that science should be accessible to everyone, no matter your age or background. Games are an excellent way to bring people into the complex world of mitochondria in a fun and engaging way. At Rarefest24, we’ll be showcasing two of our most popular games: ‘Generating ATP Pinball’ and ‘Destroying Mutant Mitochondrial DNA.’”
Penny Peck

MRC-MBU Communications Manager

Generating ATP Pinball: Powering Up with Every Play

The ‘Generating ATP Pinball’ game is a fast-paced, interactive way to understand how mitochondria create energy. Picture this: you’re playing pinball, but instead of hitting random targets, you’re guiding a ball (representing an electron) through a mitochondrion! Your goal? To help the electron move through different protein complexes (imagine them as pinball bumpers) to generate as much ATP as possible.

The game cleverly mimics the process of the electron transfer chain, a series of steps that mitochondria use to convert food into energy. As you guide the electron, it must pass through Complexes I or II, flow through Complex III, and finally reach Complex IV to produce that all-important ATP—a real light-bulb moment. The more successful passes you make, the more energy you generate—and the more fun you have!

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Destroying Mutant Mitochondrial DNA: A Hands on Learning Experience

Another must-try at Rarefest24 is the ‘Destroying Mutant Mitochondrial DNA’ game. This game is all about understanding how mitochondrial DNA mutations can lead to disease, but don’t worry—you won’t need a biology degree to play! 

Players will find the mutant mitochondrial DNA floating around in the mitochondrion and throw the faulty DNA into a mutant mtDNA dustbin for disposal. The game is not only fun but also educational, teaching players about how mutations in mitochondrial DNA can lead to dysfunction and disease.

What’s even more fantastic is that this game is fully accessible to people with visual impairments. The MBU incorporated textured mutant DNA pieces so that they could be identified by touch, making it an inclusive experience for everyone.

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Catch MRC-MBU at RAREfest24

Now that you’ve had a sneak peek into the world of mitochondria and the fun games created by MRC MBU, you won’t want to miss their arcade of an exhibit at Rarefest24. This one-of-a-kind science festival is the perfect opportunity to explore the latest research on rare diseases while having a blast.

Attendees of Rarefest22 will remember the MRC MBU’s MitoTrumps cards—a fun, educational card game, designed by PhD student Alannah King, based on mitochondrial proteins! At this year’s booth, you’ll be able to try your hand at ‘Generating ATP Pinball’ and ‘Destroying Mutant Mitochondrial DNA,’ meet real scientists, and learn how they’re unlocking the secrets of the mitochondrion to develop new therapies for mitochondrial diseases. 

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RAREfest24 isn’t just for science enthusiasts; it’s for anyone curious about how science and innovation are making a difference in the world of rare diseases. Whether you’re a student, a parent, or just someone who loves a good game, MRC MBU’s exhibit will inspire and entertain you.

So, are you ready to power up and destroy some mutants? Join us at Rarefest24 and see how the cutting-edge research at the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit is making a world of difference. We can’t wait to see you there!

Introducing the New Rare Diseases Students’ Society at Cambridge University!

Introducing the New Rare Diseases Students’ Society at Cambridge University!

In September 2023, with the support of a dedicated team, I founded the Cambridge University Rare Disease Society (CamRDS). This new student society aims to raise awareness about rare diseases, particularly among medical students, while fostering a supportive community for those living with rare conditions.

What inspired the creation of this society?

The idea of establishing a student society came to me after I attended RAREfest in November 2022. I stumbled upon it while scrolling through social media, and I’m so glad I decided to attend! As a preclinical medical student at the time, I was eager to learn about the ongoing scientific research. However, what truly surprised me was discovering the collective prevalence of rare diseases (1 in 17) and hearing the powerful stories of patients. Learning about their diagnostic journeys and the profound impact healthcare professionals can have when they #daretothinkrare left a lasting impression on me. The human experiences, rather than the science, resonated most deeply with me that day.

At RAREfest, I met Dr. Sarah Leiter, a CamRARE and M4RD ambassador, who shared that she had established a rare disease society just before the pandemic. Unfortunately, the founding committee graduated before the society could flourish.

With support from the M4RD team, I organised an event in March 2023 titled “Reframing Rare Disease,” hosted by the Clare College MedVet Society. The event demonstrated significant interest from both the student body and the local community in engaging with rare disease education. Many students were inspired by the event and motivated to spread awareness of rare diseases. Together, we formed an active and passionate committee for this new society. We’re incredibly grateful for the support from M4RD and CamRARE during the Freshers’ and Societies’ Fairs in October 2023, where we gained over 200 members!

The photo shows a table with leaflets and posters from CamRARE, along with two “Rare Bears” – teddy bears sewn from differently patterned colourful pieces of fabric.)
Jenny Yang, Cambridge Rare Disease Society

What has the society been up to this past year?

Over the Autumn 2023 and Spring 2024 terms, we’ve had the privilege of hosting some incredible speakers who provided deep insights on a variety of topics:

  • We first collaborated with the Cambridge University Oncology Society, inviting Dr Jessica Taylor (Gilbertson Lab, CRUK) to discuss designing novel therapeutics for treating pediatric brain tumours.
  • In partnership with the Medical Humanities Society, we welcomed Janet Willicott, who spoke about the role of medicolegal professionals in addressing rare disease care, and Oliver Jack Brown, who shared his lived experience with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (recording available here).
  • We also invited Prof. David Rowitch (Head of the Department of Paediatrics) to discuss progress in diagnosing and treating rare neurogenic diseases, focusing on Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (recording available here).
  • Finally, Dr. Rick Thompson (Beacon) delivered a talk on repurposing drugs for rare diseases.

Our main event was the “Galactic Genomes: Exploring the Universe of Rare Diseases” conference, held at the School of Clinical Medicine on Saturday, May 4th, 2024 (Star Wars Day, hence the theme!). This event was a collaborative effort between CamRDS and the Cambridge University Genomic Medicine Society, supported by Medics4RareDiseases. I was determined to make this event stand out from other student conferences, aiming to leave a lasting impact on the attendees, much like RAREfest22 did for me. To achieve this, we went beyond the typical academic talks and research poster competitions, placing a strong emphasis on the voices of rare disease patients and charities:

  • Fifteen rare disease charities were represented, with attendees having the opportunity to visit stalls and interact with advocates during the breaks.
  • John James OBE delivered a talk on Sickle Cell disease the day after NICE approved a novel treatment for the NHS!
  • Dr Lucy McKay (M4RD) hosted a Q&A panel featuring advocates from PCD Support UK, Annabelle’s Challenge, and Metabolic Support UK.

The conference was a highly successful event, with over 70 attendees!

What is planned for the upcoming year??

In the upcoming year, we aim to increase student engagement with our society by collaborating with course and department leads to organise talks that align with and expand the teaching curriculum. We also hope to work with teaching leads to integrate rare disease education into the curriculum. Since medicine is about treating the patient, not just the disease, we aim to keep this focus central as we strive to make our talks both academically enriching and an opportunity to listen to and engage with patient voices. Additionally, we want to strengthen our efforts to create a supportive community for students living with rare conditions in Cambridge.

We would love to have your support! Follow us on social media to stay updated on our events:

Instagram: @cambridgerds
Facebook: Cambridge RDS

You can also reach out to us via Instagram or email: cambridgerds@gmail.com.

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Newborn Screening- A Primer with Dr Lucy McKay, CEO of Medics4RareDiseases

Newborn Screening- A Primer with Dr Lucy McKay, CEO of Medics4RareDiseases

What is Newborn Screening? Who is screened, and for which conditions? What is screening’s role in the wider provision of care for rare diseases? Among a panel of people with different expertise, Lucy will facilitate a diversely informed discussion centring around the UK Newborn Screening Programme at RAREsummit23. As Lucy explains, this NHS service is available to everyone in the UK and has a very high uptake from the general population. However, outside of specific arenas, it is seldom talked about.

 

Dr Lucy McKay

I sat down with Dr Lucy McKay, CEO of Medics4RareDiseases, to talk about her journey into the rare disease community and about Newborn Screening. Having spent a significant portion of her years as a junior doctor in a Paediatric setting, Lucy has hands-on experience with the Newborn Screening process in the UK. Lucy also has a dual perspective on Newborn Screening, having grown up alongside a patient group that she then went on to volunteer and work for in a number of roles. Lucy’s brother died before she was born because of a rare genetic metabolic condition which now has a treatment but is still not screened for in newborns.

What is Newborn Screening? Who is screened, and for which conditions? What is screening’s role in the wider provision of care for rare diseases? Among a panel of people with different expertise, Lucy will facilitate a diversely informed discussion centring around the UK Newborn Screening Programme at RAREsummit23. As Lucy explains, this NHS service is available to everyone in the UK and has a very high uptake from the general population. However, outside of specific arenas, it is seldom talked about, especially in comparison to topics such as whole genome sequencing or approval of medications for rare diseases.

The following write-up of our conversation acts as a primer for those attending the panel discussion, generating reflections, emotions, and questions to bring to the table.

Lucy McKay

“It is time for Newborn Screening to be examined in a more open forum, in a transparent dialogue with the larger rare disease community and beyond. Are we all talking about the same thing, or is there an assumed level of knowledge, and we need to bring more people into the discussions?”

Newborn Screening in the UK

When people talk about “newborn screening”, they are more often than not referring to the Blood Spot Test (or Guthrie Test) which is offered to all neonates on the fifth day of life. The Blood Spot Test is just one of a number of screening tests that are performed at birth as part of the larger NHS Newborn Screening Programme.

Lucy explained that, simply put, screening is a way to identify when an apparently asymptomatic individual may be at risk of a specific condition. Despite its name, it is not a test as such because it does not serve to diagnose a disease. Rather,it  indicates if a condition may be present before a person expresses any symptoms. It is helpful to think of it as the beginning step on a pathway to diagnosis if the result indicates that a specific condition may be present. In neonates, the Blood Spot Test is one of three screening tests included in the Newborn Screening Programme, alongside a hearing test, and a physical examination.

Early on, Lucy raised the concern that a lot of attention is paid to only this element of the Newborn Screening Programme. Having performed countless “baby checks” in a post-natal department she believes that the physical examination could be seen as one of the earliest opportunities to pick up early signs of an underlying condition. Especially as the physical examination is then repeated in infancy at 6-8 weeks of age so follow up is already built into the NHS system.

Parents and legal guardians provide consent for newborn screening and uptake of the Programme is approximately 96% of all births. The Blood Spot Test involves taking a small blood sample from the soft part of the heel of the foot. The healthcare professional will prick the neonate’s heel with a lancet similar to those used for blood glucose tests. They will then transfer four drops of blood ontoa  special card, called a blood spot card. The healthcare professional must be well-trained in performing the procedure because there are specific regulations on the size and density of the blood drop. 

In the UK neonates are screened for nine rare genetic conditions, including Sickle Cell Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Congenital Hypothyroidism, some Inherited Metabolic Diseases, and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. Most babies won’t have a positive screening result for any of these conditions, but for those who do the benefits of screening can be enormous. Screening allows for prompt follow up with diagnostic tests ensuring that these diseases are identified early. This is vitally important for those conditions which have the best outcome if they are treated or appropriately managed before the child shows any symptoms.

Lucy described one benefit of screening for rare genetic conditions through the Newborn Screening Programme:

“Screening provides a unique avenue into inclusive healthcare because it is not subject to human factors. No matter your socioeconomic background, the language you speak, the area you live in, your baby will be offered the Newborn Screening.

As Newborn Screening has an exceptionally high uptake rate for those conditions, included diagnosis is far less likely to be influenced by social and health inequalities. This is not only beneficial for patients and families but for designing healthcare services and treatments based on knowledge of the real patient population, not just those we know about.”

Image depicts the small hand of a newborn held by the hand of an adult

Starting the Conversation

However, the concept and process of newborn screening is not without its challenges. One challenge has become increasingly pressing: due to 20 years of health science innovation we are able to diagnose and treat many more rare conditions than are currently being screened for. Therefore the field of rare genetic conditions has changed dramatically in a relatively short period of time and NHS services, including the Newborn Screening Programme could be seen as having to play catch up in a recently difficult health and economic climate.

It is important that the general public understands what the purpose of newborn screening is, what data is collected, and how it will be used, in order to give informed consent on behalf of a child. However unless you have been impacted by a rare condition yourself or through a loved one it may be difficult to fully grasp what the implication of screening, and especially a positive result will be. 

Then there are those who have a deep understanding of what the implications are of not screening for certain diseases – those who live with, care for someone or have lost someone to such a condition. With knowledge of the perils of late diagnosis when treatment it is only natural that groups are asking about how different conditions are considered for inclusion in the Blood Spot Test.

“I have seen firsthand the potential of new therapies to transform an individual’s life. However, we have to ask ourselves: why invest huge efforts and money on treatments, which can make a life-saving or life-changing difference to the lives of those with rare diseases if we are not optimising the delivery of them through screening?”

We hope you will join Lucy at RareSummit23, and the rest of the panel, to learn about the basics of Newborn Screening in the UK and hear the perspectives from different experts on this much talked about (but not universally well understood) subject.

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Joe Clymer – Supplementing The Medical School Curriculum One Rare Disease at a Time

Joe Clymer – Supplementing The Medical School Curriculum One Rare Disease at a Time

Joe Clymer is a 5th-year medical student. Over the summer of 2023, he completed a 75-hour internship with the Cambridge Rare Disease Network. This internship aimed to identify common problems that families with rare diseases face and create a set of resources to help. Joe describes his inspiration, findings, and future plans in the following blog.

 

What I did during my internship

I spent about 10 hours speaking to families and reading about common problems. I spent the next 65 hours researching what they told me in detail and drawing on my clinical knowledge to find new solutions.

I have just finished five years of university, encompassing four years of medical school and one year of specialised Emergency medicine (EM) teaching. Before starting at CamRare, I spent my days in the back of ambulances or diagnosing patients in the emergency department. My year in EM was high-octane and exciting and not full of older adults falling over or teenagers with the flu. So why, on my summer off, did I make the change to work with a rare disease charity? The short answer is that I believed in what they wanted to achieve. The long answer is to read the rest of this blog.

Image shows a young male with light brown hair raising his hand 'hello' and dressed in a diving suit.

Why I chose CamRare

I started at Keele University at the age of 18. I was fortunate to get in first time due to my preparation, dedication to medicine and a healthy amount of luck. When I arrived, I thought I knew I had to learn the science and treat patients. How wrong I was. As I later learned, good medicine is about holistically treating the individual, not the disease. It’s about biology, psychology and sociology. I also learned how societal inequalities, like race and wealth, affect health outcomes.

Let me give you an example. In Stoke on Trent, the city I trained in, there is an 8-year difference in life expectancy between the rich and the poor: same city, GPs, and NHS services. The only difference is finance. Throughout medical school, I became more aware that these differences exist. I came across the CamRare internship, and by working with them, we aimed to provide free information to help make healthcare more equitable.

CamRare has a community called the Unique Feet (UF) Community. They are a group of families whose children have rare diseases and do fun activities together so their children can have a more normal life. My job was interviewing parents, finding out their financial and social problems, and working with the community to find solutions. I have made a resources page on different ways to get funding for children with rare diseases, which may directly benefit their children’s care. I learned in medical school that social and psychological factors are as important as medical treatment in managing chronic diseases. CamRare is a charity that recognises this and is working to assist.

As a medical student, I have a very narrow skill set, including communication skills, empathy, and an understanding of science. I possess a strong and thorough comprehension of the shortcomings of the NHS. Fortunately, these skills meant I was perfect for this internship. Our NHS is excellent at providing life-saving care but is less excellent at providing long-term care to patients with chronic diseases; try getting a GP appointment. I understand rare diseases and the NHS, so I was ideally placed to discuss problems and potential solutions around health and social care.

I also chose to work with CamRare because of their amazing work for parents and families with rare diseases. The Unique Feet project, described below, provides a community and care for people who would otherwise be isolated. But unlike most charities, CamRare doesn’t just do one thing; they also invest in raising awareness amongst doctors and research, putting patients in direct contact with industry and hosting an annual research summit to discuss ideas.

Who are the Unique Feet (UF) community

Since its birth in 2016, community and problem-solving have been at the group’s core. Mums meet for coffee, and parents share information about the benefits of child genetic testing by exchanging consultants’ phone numbers. (I’m unsure how the consultants feel about this, but if children didn’t wait six months for basic tests, their parents might be more patient). Suppose you have a problem with your child’s rare disease. Who better to ask than a group who’ve been through this before? Helping each other is at this group’s core, so I had no trouble getting interviews with these busy parents so they could help me type up their knowledge for the website.

CamRare is a particularly good support group because rare diseases aren’t that rare. 1/17 people will have a rare disease, with most starting in childhood. But if only five people in the country have the same disease, and you have no idea where they are, where do you go for support? The UF team arrange 2-6 activities a month for families with rare and undiagnosed diseases. With children and parents coming and mixing, it turned into a support group over the years. Parents shared stories about their problems, and others listened and gave advice. New parents joining had new problems discussed informally whilst climbing and pond dipping, and together, a community was built that advised and helped each other.

To further develop this community, siblings come to activities. It can be challenging for siblings of disabled children; they often get less attention and have more responsibility. At UF, children with and without disabilities play and interact together, and the parents love it because their children can be children in a free, non-judgmental space. What started as play for children has turned into a supportive community that is irreplaceable for parents.

 

Parenting a child with a rare disease is difficult. Many parents say they have felt isolated and question their parenting ability. But by attending events and speaking to other parents in the same position, the supportive community helps to listen and get through situations they have all gone through. I decided to look into support for parents and used quotes from our UF members to signpost parents to mental health services. It’s hard to accept support, but hopefully, by formalising it online so people know that others have gone through the same things, parents will be more likely to reach out.

What I learned

My first job was to sit down and interview the parents in the UF community. They would tell me the common challenges they faced and how they solved them. I would then take this information, read around the subject, and present it as a fact sheet on the website. These interviews were tough. I asked them to discuss their feeling about the worst days of their lives. We discussed mental health and the fear of not knowing if your child would survive. In my 8 hours of interviews, I saw what it might be like caring for these children and developed a deep admiration for the parents I spoke to. They’d battled through a difficult school system, nightmare social services visits, long delays on appointments, difficult-to-understand doctors and a sheer volume of hospital appointments that the best secretaries in the world would struggle to keep up with.

All of this went on for years, yet every one of them had volunteered their own time in their busy lives to sit and talk to me so I could share their information and perhaps make things easier for the next family; I believe that is the mark of a community that cares. The parents taught me a lot, and with their knowledge, I could move forward to researching their problems.

These interviews gave me invaluable exposure to rare diseases. Rare diseases often present complex medical challenges, and these interviews exposed me to a diverse range of conditions. This exposure helps broaden my diagnostic and problem-solving skills, as I have encountered conditions not covered extensively in my medical curriculum.

I also developed my communication skills. Families face unique emotional and psychological burdens due to the rarity of the condition and the challenges in obtaining accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatments. Interacting with these families enhanced my ability to communicate with empathy and sensitivity, skills that are crucial for all medical professionals. I was most grateful for the openness and honesty the UF families gave me.

From the interviews, I identified six topics parents would like more information on and set about gathering information on them. One area that didn’t make it in but deserves an honourable mention was the theme of fighting. All the parents emphasised the importance of fighting for their child’s needs. I heard many stories about appealing educational health care plans and disabled living allowances. These parents pointed out that these benefits and support are out there but not easy to find, and it can be hard to get what you deserve.

“Whilst researching solutions to common problems, I realised rare diseases often lack established treatment protocols, and I saw the importance of understanding the needs of UF community. It made me reflect on how far we still have to go in modern medicine to design a system that is equitable to all. I also realised how important industry investment and research into rare diseases is to finding treatment for these diseases.”

My future

CamRARE offered me an amazing experience to engage thoroughly and understand rare diseases, and it’s one that I shall carry into my medical career. Beyond clinical skills, I believe it nurtured empathy, research acumen, advocacy skills, and a profound interest in the rare community. These benefits will help me shape into a well-rounded, compassionate, and proactive medical professional who is now better prepared to address the unique challenges presented by rare diseases and make a meaningful difference in the lives of patients and their families. This internship exposed me to diverse perspectives and challenged me to confront medical uncertainties. Dealing with rare diseases teaches humility, resilience, and adaptability, essential in a medical career. It made me think about the challenges facing the provision of equitable care to a wide range of patients and their families.

I have learned many practical skills. I have learned about benefits, housing, genetic testing and education for disabled children. I have been involved in web design and building wireframes. I have been free to work independently under a boss who has trusted me to guide my project, and I have delivered on time. But most of all, I have been part of a project I believe in. Health is made up of biological, psychological and social components.

I have worked with CamRare and their community to build resources to address psychological and social support for families that need them. And if I’m a halfway decent doctor, I think I should have the biological bit sorted. 

Image shows a young male with light facial hair dressed in a protective red suit in a hospital setting. He is smiling.